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This article has been written to introduce our Chinese Company Ownership Charts - a popular element of our company verification reports.
Introduced as a feature in our "Pro" & "Full Scope" company verification reports since October 2017, these charts help clients to better comprehend a Chinese company's shareholding structure by providing a visualization of available ownership data.
Understanding whether you are dealing with a solely-owned business or a complex array of stakeholders can be vital information and is easily identified with our Chinese company ownership charts.
In each of our Chinese company verification reports we include a table listing the company's direct shareholders. For companies with a simple ownership structure this can be sufficient to give a full understanding.
But what about companies with corporate shareholders? Who owns those companies? Who are the ultimate beneficial owners?
Our ownership charts were developed to address these questions by providing a visualization of the company's ownership structure with multiple degrees of shareholders - allowing clients to dig deeper and get a more complete picture.
They are like a "family tree" of ownership which identify multiple levels of individual shareholders, corporate shareholders, offshore shareholders and even governmental shareholders.
The appearance of our Chinese company ownership charts varies markedly depending on the complexity of the Chinese company's ownership structure.
As the saying goes, a picture is worth a thousand words, so we'll look at some examples.
To understand how they work though, it is a good idea to first understand our chart key:
Our charts often need to include a multitude of information so we have devised a numbering system to identify shareholder levels and a color scheme to identify the different types of shareholders.
You can see what the different colors represent in the key below:
As is shown in this example, many Chinese companies, particularly smaller ones, are simply owned by an individual or a group of individuals.
In such cases there are only "1st-degree shareholders" and the company's ownership chart is very straight forward.
In the above example, ownership of the subject company is split between an individual and a corporate shareholder. The corporate shareholder is subsequently owned by two "2nd-degree shareholders".
For this example the ownership structure is already getting quite complex. This example company has four 1st-degree shareholders, one of whom is a government body.
Included in the 2nd-degree shareholders are two companies registered outside Mainland China - one from Hong Kong, who we can get ownership information for, and one registered offshore, who we can't.
Each of the 3rd-degree shareholders are individuals. To calculate an individual's overall ownership of the subject company just multiply the percentages. E.g. "Zhen Xiansheng" owns 6% (50% * 40% * 30%) of "Beijing Yangpin Baogao Co., Ltd.".
I'm not going to try to explain this example ownership chart as it would take too long and hopefully our system will make sense to you by now.
When a Chinese company is wholly or partly owned by another company the question raised is "well, who owns that company?".
And if that company is also owned by another company, who owns that company?
We quickly realized that trying to explain the different levels of ownership is very complicated so have devised this concept of "Degrees of Ownership".
Occasionally we come across Chinese companies with extremely complicated ownership structures that would could literally take us days to research.
For this reason we limit the degrees of ownership which we guarantee to include in our Chinese company ownership charts. These vary depending on the report ordered:
The Ownership Chart feature is included in our Hong Kong Pro Verification, China Pro Verification and China Full Scope Verification reports.
This article takes a look at the 6 different China city types and the various levels of autonomy and power each type holds.
China has over 700 official cities, from the metropolises of Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong down to the smaller cities of Beihai, Shangrao and Qufu, but they are not all governed equally.
Read this guide if you want to understand the difference between China city types, including municipalities, prefecture-level cities, county-level cities and more.
Launched by Deng Xiaoping in 1978, the decades long process of Chinese economic reform has transformed China beyond recognition.
This article highlights some of the most significant events during this period in the form of a year by year timeline.
Listening to China business podcasts can be a great way to get insights on the Chinese market, pick up new knowledge and get fresh perspectives.
The great news is that there is actually a lot of great podcasts out there on this topic - and in this article I have chosen my current top ten.
These podcasts cover business in China from a range of angles - including tech startups, importing/sourcing, economics and more - so if you are interested in learning more about China business you are sure to find quality material here.
Matt Slater
Author
Hi there, I'm Matt, the Founder & CEO of China Checkup. Originally from the UK, I am now based in Brisbane, Australia.
Frustrated by the scarcity of concise, high-quality and timely information about Chinese companies, I setup China Checkup whilst living in Shanghai in 2013.
My team are proud that China Checkup's company verification reports have now helped thousands of clients from all corners of the world to do business in China more safely.