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This article has been written to introduce our Chinese Company Ownership Charts - a popular element of our company verification reports.
Introduced as a feature in our "Pro" & "Full Scope" company verification reports since October 2017, these charts help clients to better comprehend a Chinese company's shareholding structure by providing a visualization of available ownership data.
Understanding whether you are dealing with a solely-owned business or a complex array of stakeholders can be vital information and is easily identified with our Chinese company ownership charts.
In each of our Chinese company verification reports we include a table listing the company's direct shareholders. For companies with a simple ownership structure this can be sufficient to give a full understanding.
But what about companies with corporate shareholders? Who owns those companies? Who are the ultimate beneficial owners?
Our ownership charts were developed to address these questions by providing a visualization of the company's ownership structure with multiple degrees of shareholders - allowing clients to dig deeper and get a more complete picture.
They are like a "family tree" of ownership which identify multiple levels of individual shareholders, corporate shareholders, offshore shareholders and even governmental shareholders.
The appearance of our Chinese company ownership charts varies markedly depending on the complexity of the Chinese company's ownership structure.
As the saying goes, a picture is worth a thousand words, so we'll look at some examples.
To understand how they work though, it is a good idea to first understand our chart key:
Our charts often need to include a multitude of information so we have devised a numbering system to identify shareholder levels and a color scheme to identify the different types of shareholders.
You can see what the different colors represent in the key below:
As is shown in this example, many Chinese companies, particularly smaller ones, are simply owned by an individual or a group of individuals.
In such cases there are only "1st-degree shareholders" and the company's ownership chart is very straight forward.
In the above example, ownership of the subject company is split between an individual and a corporate shareholder. The corporate shareholder is subsequently owned by two "2nd-degree shareholders".
For this example the ownership structure is already getting quite complex. This example company has four 1st-degree shareholders, one of whom is a government body.
Included in the 2nd-degree shareholders are two companies registered outside Mainland China - one from Hong Kong, who we can get ownership information for, and one registered offshore, who we can't.
Each of the 3rd-degree shareholders are individuals. To calculate an individual's overall ownership of the subject company just multiply the percentages. E.g. "Zhen Xiansheng" owns 6% (50% * 40% * 30%) of "Beijing Yangpin Baogao Co., Ltd.".
I'm not going to try to explain this example ownership chart as it would take too long and hopefully our system will make sense to you by now.
When a Chinese company is wholly or partly owned by another company the question raised is "well, who owns that company?".
And if that company is also owned by another company, who owns that company?
We quickly realized that trying to explain the different levels of ownership is very complicated so have devised this concept of "Degrees of Ownership".
Occasionally we come across Chinese companies with extremely complicated ownership structures that would could literally take us days to research.
For this reason we limit the degrees of ownership which we guarantee to include in our Chinese company ownership charts. These vary depending on the report ordered:
The Ownership Chart feature is included in our Hong Kong Pro Verification, China Pro Verification and China Full Scope Verification reports.
View this comprehensive list of cities in China from Ankang to Zunyi!
We have included all cities in China that are either at, or above, prefecture-level and they are listed both alphabetically and grouped by province.
This list of Chinese AMR websites includes links to the AMR branch website for each province/administrative region in China.
In case you're wondering, the acronym "AMR" stands for "Administration for Market Regulation", which is a newly-launched Chinese government agency created by the merger of many previous agencies, including the AIC and AQSIQ.
This super regulator is now responsible for a wide range of regulatory matters in Mainland China, so if you need to get in touch with them you should find this list of Chinese AMR websites useful.
The China AEO Certificate is a document held by companies in China engaged in import and export activities.
Issued by China Customs, the certificate specifies the company's enterprise classification, which determines their level of inspections and more.
Requesting and verifying a supplier's China AEO certificate can be a sensible measure to understand if they are registered with China Customs as an "Authorized Economic Operator" and to check their AEO type.
Matt Slater
Author
Hi there, I'm Matt, the Founder & CEO of China Checkup. Originally from the UK, I am now based in Brisbane, Australia.
Frustrated by the scarcity of concise, high-quality and timely information about Chinese companies, I setup China Checkup whilst living in Shanghai in 2013.
My team are proud that China Checkup's company verification reports have now helped thousands of clients from all corners of the world to do business in China more safely.